paratuberculosis

• Macrophage state and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis persistence in cattle: An evidence-to-claim framework
  Johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Macrophages are a major intracellular niche for MAP and a defining cellular component of bovine intestinal lesions, but results obtained from different tissues, donor groups, cell systems, MAP isolates, and time windows do not define one uniform macrophage state. […]
• A modern toolbox to elucidate the role of the human microbiome in modulating mycobacterial gut infections
  Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a major public and veterinary health concern, but the causes are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the potential of mycobacteria as causative factors for such diseases. We focus on similarities between the most common human IBD, Crohn's disease, and a common IBD in cattle, Johne's disease. Both are […]
• Erratum to "Multi-peptide subunit vaccination induced IFN-gamma but lacked efficacy against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a goat challenge trial" [Vaccine 88 (2026) 128971]
  No abstract
• Methylglyoxal Attenuates Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Programming Associated with NRF-2 Antioxidant Responses and Reduced MCT4/Lactate-Linked Inflammatory Markers
  Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a rising incidence and prevalence worldwide. It is associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Current CD treatment strategies are based on anti-inflammatory therapies, including anti-TNF-α drugs. These treatment options provide short-term benefits and are associated with numerous side effects in CD patients. Manuka honey […]
• In vitro synergistic efficacy of postbiotics and specific immunoglobulin Y antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease and a potential contributor to Crohn's disease, presents a significant challenge due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. This necessitates the development of innovative strategies for prevention and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of pathogen-specific antibodies derived from chicken egg […]
• From Viral Fossils to β-Cell Futures: A Retro-Exposome Framework for Type 1 Diabetes
  Type 1 diabetes affects over 8.4 million individuals worldwide, with approximately 0.5 million new cases annually, and continues to impose substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in settings where delayed diagnosis is common. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs at presentation in 20-80% of newly diagnosed children, underscoring persistent gaps in early detection and prevention. Recent evidence linking antibody […]
• Correction: Evaluation of three ELISA assays for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis antibodies in serum of sika deer (Cervus nippon)
  No abstract
• Seroprevalence and risk factors of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dromedary camels of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
  Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), a chronic granulomatous enteritis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2022 and 2023 to determine the seroprevalence of MAP and identify associated risk factors in dromedary camels sampled in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Sera were tested using a commercial indirect ELISA (ID Screen^(®) […]
• Understanding the diagnostic tests and challenges in host genetic selection against Johne's disease in New Zealand dairy cattle
  Johne's disease (JD) is a common endemic gastrointestinal disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). With no effective treatment or vaccine preventing infection, control is currently based on the identification of infected animals and prevention of the spread of infection. The aim of this review is to critically assess the diagnostic tests […]
• East Asian Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: molecular typing and population structure
  CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides a reference point for understanding the global diversity and distribution of MAP by bridging the genomic information gap in Asia. These findings underscore the potential of high-resolution, MLSSR-integrated surveillance as a practical tool for monitoring MAP across diverse geographical scales and for prioritizing isolates for future whole genome sequencing-based […]
• The impact of recent tuberculin skin testing on paratuberculosis antibody responses
  There is a recognized interference between the single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test used for bovine tuberculosis surveillance and the paratuberculosis milk ELISA. Current UK guidance recommends a minimum interval of 42-60 d between a SICCT test and a paratuberculosis milk ELISA. However, recent research suggested that the post-SICCT antibody response may be greater […]
• Multi-peptide subunit vaccination induced IFN-gamma but lacked efficacy against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a goat challenge trial
  Paratuberculosis is a chronic debilitating disease in ruminants caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In endemic herds, animals are infected shortly after birth with no effective control measures beyond hygiene and sanitation programs. Current vaccines are only moderately effective and may interfere with surveillance and diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by M. bovis. […]
• Jejunal mucosal immune response in goats ten months after Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis challenge is primarily determined by lesion severity rather than vaccination route
  Current vaccines against paratuberculosis offer incomplete and variable protection that raises questions on the ruminant immune responses to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) infection, particularly at the mucosal level. Thus, this study examined the immune responses established in the jejunum of goats vaccinated with oral, intradermal, or subcutaneous inactivated vaccines 11 months post-vaccination and 10 […]
• Roles of mdh and MAP1981c in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis intracellular survival within bovine monocyte-derived macrophages via CRISPR interference
  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants, and is capable of persisting within macrophages despite the activation of host immune defenses. Although this intracellular persistence is a key determinant of MAP pathogenicity, the bacterial factors and host responses that regulate this process remain poorly understood. […]
• Calibration-aware genomic prediction of paratuberculosis serostatus in indigenous Turkish goats
  Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic, incurable enteritis of ruminants in which late-onset clinical signs preclude timely intervention, making early genomic stratification a key control lever. We investigated the genetic architecture underlying the host antibody response to MAP - measured as anti-MAP ELISA serostatus - using genome-wide SNP data from […]
• Neonatal Calf Serum MAP Antibody Titre as a Potential Marker of Early-Life MAP Exposure
  Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is typically acquired early in life, yet detection of exposure during this period remains challenging. This study evaluated whether MAP-specific antibodies are passively transferred from dam to calf and detectable in neonatal calf serum, and whether these titres reflect early-life exposure to MAP. Neonatal calves […]
• Intestinal and mesenteric lymphangitis mimicking arteritis in a cow with paratuberculosis
  Paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP is transmitted primarily through ingestion of contaminated feces, milk, or water and establishes persistent infection within intestinal macrophages by evading host immune defenses. Typical lesions include granulomatous enteritis, lymphangitis, and lymphadenitis. Lymphangitis mimicking arteritis has not been reported in […]
• Age-adjusted ELISA cutoffs for Johne's disease in young adult dairy cattle using Bayesian nonparametric models
  Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, presents significant economic and health challenges for dairy farms globally. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly utilized for herd-level JD surveillance because of its cost-effectiveness and rapid execution, although its low sensitivity in young cattle complicates control efforts. This retrospective open-cohort study evaluated whether age-adjusted interpretation […]
• Paratuberculosis: a mucosal immunology perspective
  Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteric infection of ruminants characterized by persistence in intestinal macrophages following invasion through Peyer's patches. Early studies established a predominantly cell-mediated immune response during early stages of infection, yet this fails to clear mucosal infection. Recent vaccine studies demonstrate partial, region-specific protection and […]
• Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms in ruminants: A review of genetic associations with health, reproduction, and production traits
  Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a fundamental component of the innate immune system, has been identified as a significant candidate gene for enhancing health, productivity, and reproduction in livestock. This review synthesizes and analyzes genetic association studies of TLR4 in cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats, assessing its significance in economically important traits. Significant evidence associates TLR4 […]